Factors Influencing Women s Participation - 1582 Words

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presents the specific research techniques that was used for the study. The techniques include: the study design and method, sampling, sampling units, data collection, my personal experience, data recording, ethics and expectation. The study design and methods This ethnographic study involves the use†¦show more content†¦Sampling Unit and Size The sampling units was made up of professional/elite athletes and amateur/ recreational athletes (fans, sponsors, teachers, coaches, officials, manager, players, media, scouts, family and friends please refer to appendix A for more details, who were either active (competitive) or passive (non-competitive) and 18 years and above. Data was collected from participants over a period of 3 months (from May 4 to August 17). A total of 70 participants took part in the research. Data Collection In the field, ‘’data collection methods and technique, and analyses are the fundamental elements of ‘’doing ethnography’’ (Bickman and Rog 2009:544). Social researchers generally rely on primary and secondary sources of data [Ranjit 1996]. This ethnographic study, relied on secondary data to supplement the primary data (Gill and Johnson 2010). Secondary data came from books, articles, journals and the internet. Three primary data collection techniques were used. These were interviews, observation and auto ethnography. Secondary Data ‘’Secondary data is simply a reference to existing data, as compared to new data that are being collected, or have been recently collected’’ (Whitehead 2005). Prior to going to the field to collect primary data, I embarked on an extensive exploration, for data already existing on the study topic, population, and setting being studied. In this study, relevant secondary data came from books, articles, journalsShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing Women s Participation1407 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER THREE Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presentsRead MoreFactors Influencing Women s Participation1414 Words   |  6 Pages Research Methodology Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors that influence women’s participation in sports. The study is to enable me classify these factors into the facilitators and obstacles to women’s participation in sports. To achieve this, I participated in various sports activities which granted me the opportunity of: â€Å"learning from people† rather than â€Å"studying the people† as posited by (Spradley 1979:3). This chapter explicitly presents the specificRead MoreEssay on Lack of Women Holding Office in Sub-Saharan African Politics1079 Words   |  5 PagesWhile women make up a majority of the population in Africa, the number of representatives of women in parliament is substantially less than men. The underrepresentation of women in politics is problematic because the empowerment of women and the development of a society relies on the success of maintaining gender equity. Though this is an international issue, I plan to focus on repres entation of women in politics in sub-Saharan Africa. I hope to explore why the percentage of women in politics isRead MoreThe Budget Is The Most Important Policy Tool Of Government1024 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment expenditures and revenue on men and women, gender responsive budgeting (GRB) has developed as a strategy to promote gender equality and create accountability for governments to uphold their national policy commitments to women. Since the mid-1980s, UN Women has worked with a few dozen countries to adopt some form of gender responsive budgeting, and with varying success of impact on gender outcomes and on resource distribution. Understanding which factors increase the likelihood that GRB willRead MoreWomen s Lack Of Women1409 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In the past decade, women seemed underrepresented in the academy – especially in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, according to Jennifer Rigby (2015). One of the significant evidences mentioned in his report is that â€Å"According to the National Household Survey (NHS), in the academy, less than 40% of women graduates aged 25-34 with a STEM degree in 2011, compared with 66% of university graduates in non-STEM programs.† Focusing on the STEM disciplines seemRead MoreThe Continuity Of Midwifery Care1490 Words   |  6 Pages perceptions of organisational structures and processes influencing their ability to provide caseload care to socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women. Midwifery, 30(10), 1096-1103 8p. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.12.015 In this article, the authors explored the continuity of midwifery care using the caseload approach that was established in Queensland. This was to address the development of care for women experiencing inequalities and to improve birth outcomes. The authorsRead MoreWomen Struggle Facing Equality : Women s Health, Economics, And Education1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn patriarchal societies, women struggle facing equality to men. The gender gap in politics is growing and effecting women’s health, economics, and education. It is ridiculous to believe in 2015 the government is still debating whether or not women should have access to birth control. Women and single mothers make up a huge percentage for low income earners. Having to go to work, and provide for their children, if either the women or children get sick, they have hardly enough money to support havingRead MoreThe Role Of Sports For Athletes And Women Athletes1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe above global pattern ha s not favored most womens’ national and local teams as most corporate entities prefer to sponsor national mens’ teams. Both the commodification and corporatization of sport reduce especially womens’ participation because for instance in some countries facilities for sports are provided because of mens’ participation. If the best male athletes leave the country, no organizations provide facilities, and without facilities women will not be able to participate. In cases whereRead MoreEthnographic Background Of Ethnography And Ethnography1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe slums of Chicago, and track and field in the universities of China. 2.5.2 Participation Females generally are at risk of not benefiting from sports because of a lack of participation (Crouter 2011). Women are deprived because of inequitable access to sports facilities and limited opportunities to participate in sports (Bailey et al 2005). There is limited support in terms of funding and media coverage for womens’ sport (Parliamentary Committee Council of Europe, 2005). Media support for men’sRead MoreAnalysis of Relationship Between Modes of Production and Gender Inequality1320 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Relationship Between Modes of Production and Gender Inequality Amongst societies, there is a great variety of means of survival, all of which are dependent upon factors influencing the community—geographical location and structure of authority, to name a few. Such factors and the community’s ways of survival create the underlying basis of other complex issues, including the relationship between the sexes. Many anthropological papers that concentrate on the modes of production of specific

BF_case Free Essays

In order to get feedback on their best Investment bets to verse industry’ s steady decline and increase company’ s profits by 3% next year. Industry sales have been decreasing. Some categories, such as â€Å"dry soups†, â€Å"ready to serve broth†, â€Å"refrigerated soups†, â€Å"frozen soups† and â€Å"deli soups†, are growing. We will write a custom essay sample on BF_case or any similar topic only for you Order Now The declining trend of the industry relies essentially in decreasing sales of the two largest categories: â€Å"ready-to-serve wet soup† and â€Å"condensed wet soup†. The most profitable category Is the RET. Barbarian has 60% share of the RET market with RET ‘s soups and broths providing 78% of the dolls ‘s sales; 86% of Its profit. These mature products, however, are facing a decline In sales (1-2% per year In S, and 2-3% In volume). Nevertheless, Barbarian Is the market leader in this category and price increases over the last years had helped to keep profit declining as much as sales. Target products to baby boomer generation (largest and brand loyal segment); lead these changes in market trends that are being reflected in rapidly increasing sales of convenient categories; Maintain shelf-space and Increase partnerships with retailers. How to cite BF_case, Papers

Racism And Anti-Racist Practice free essay sample

Race was a term used to describe a human being of being different in physical features and ancestry features. In other words they are of different human species with differences biologically. Usually black people are portrayed as naturally inferior to white people characterized by notions of white supremacy (Dommielli 1997). Racism is when one person of a particular race discriminates against another person of a different race, however that used to be the terminology based on mistaken science that we had biological differences as human species. Terminology has moved on to be ethnicity rather than race, which are used in similar ways to differentiate people. Ethnicity describes and gives identities by differences in groups of people by skin colour, beliefs, culture and language (Fenton 1999). According to Skellington (2011) we still do live in a racist society he provides evidence and various researches that show that there were 61,262 racial attacks in England/Wales in 2006/07. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism And Anti-Racist Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The U. K Home office statistics show there has been a 7% decline in racist incidents from 2009 to 2011, which can be politically biased, or perhaps people have become less racist. However the tolerance towards ethnic minorities was reported to far below European averages (Skellington 2010; Home Office 2011). The Stephen Lawrence incident report proved that there was institutional racism at the top level in police forces, failure of leadership by senior officers and incompetence of professionals. McPherson (1998) in his enquiry found that institutional racism could be seen in the attitudes, processes, prejudices, ignorance and racist stereotyping of ethnic minorities that discriminates and disadvantages them. McPherson (1998) uses words like unwitting prejudice, which suggests that racism is deep rooted within all people. (Macpherson 1999). I experienced racism in school during my junior years to high school, there were constant bullying based on the colour of our skin, the school teachers were not fully equipped to handle or notice racist bullying, as many of the school fights and bullying went unnoticed. I had the constant fear of being bullied at school and it affected my attendance. At high school there were constant fights after school, the school and police were aware but there were no constructive policy in place to stop further racisms. This racism still exists in the same school as my daughter frequently reports of violence between white and Asian people which the local police regularly gets involved. My local primary school does not want to recognize the needs of the 40% Muslim children dietary needs even after highlighting the issues; there is no choice but to accept vegetarian meal. The key features of anti- racist social work practice should be not to discriminate people based on their colour of skin or ethnicity. Practitioners should know how to recognize racism. They should be culturally aware and any assumptions are checked out which could cause stereotyping. For example from personal experience, White social workers would not understand the concept of Muslim service users that friends are allowed during confidentiality issues with consent by service users and that it can be distressing for the service user if this was not allowed by a social worker, they should have knowledge of particular group or individual in hand and challenge discriminatory practices that affect families, groups, individuals. Respect diversity and different cultures and their values as stated by the National Occupation Standards (NOS) (2004). Social workers must always incorporate and have knowledge of legislation such as Race relations Act (1976), Equality Act (2010) and Human Rights Act (1998) preventing discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity, beliefs. GSCC (2002) code of practice should be compulsorily used when practicing to ensure anti-discriminatory and anti oppressive practices.

What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydes Story, Explored

Introduction A Gothic novel has been amply represented in literature and studied well enough, yet it is still unbelievably popular. Edgar Poe, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, Bram Stocker, Daphne du Maurier, Mary Shelly, Oscar Wilde and many other writers became famous owing to the Gothic universes that they created.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evolving with every new story and character created, the Gothic genre in general and some of its most prominent authors in particular definitely deserve being considered a bit closer, and Robert Stevenson with his Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is one of such authors. Thesis Statement Despite the fact that some elements of Robert Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde do not align with the traditional Gothic novel genr e, Stevenson’s story still should be defined as Gothic, since it not only creates a compelling Gothic character with a classic story arc, but also develops the character, therefore, contributing to the evolution of the Gothic novel genre. Gothic Novel and Its Key Features With a relatively long history and quite a solid heritage, Gothic literature has a number of features that have become the staple of the genre and can be seen as the defining characteristics of the genre. Among the most frequently used ones, such themes as the description of the fallen world and elements of the supernatural should be mentioned (Throwbridge 27) A Gothic character has also quite a number of features attributed to him/her; acquired in the course of Gothic novel evolution, these character traits define a Gothic hero and at the same time set limitations for the character’s growth. As a rule, a Gothic character develops such traits as emotionality and impulsivity, and often has a dark back story (Throwbridge 25). Also rendering the issue of the fallen world and the supernatural elements within the realm of the ordinary, the plot of a Gothic novel is traditionally composed of mystery, elements of fear or terror and events leading to the character’s moral demise (Throwbridge 45). The elements of the supernatural are evident in a number of Gothic novels. For instance, in Wuthering Heights, Bronte mentions moonlight several times as an element of mystery and describes a moonless night to create the atmosphere of suspense and threat: â€Å"There was no moon, and everything beneath lay in misty darkness† (Bronte 121).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The idea of the world demise is also translated into the setting, in which events traditionally take place in Gothic novels. According to the principles if Gothic storytelling, the key events are supposed to take place in a castle, old mansion or in a gloomy background, during fog, rain or cloudiness (Throwbridge 15). Elements of Gothic settings can be traced in The Namesake, though, technically the novel is defined as a bildungsroman. For instance, Gothic architecture is briefly mentioned in the novel: â€Å"he has fallen in love with the Gothic architecture of the campus† (Lahiri 108). Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Analysis It would be wrong to claim that the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde fits the traditional concept of a Gothic narration impeccably; however, the question is whether the alterations made to the genre actually work for the benefit of the story or not. As far as the use of clichà ©s goes, it seems that the lack of the traditional, well trodden tropes that seemed to have worn out their welcome well before the story was written makes the novel all the more thrilling. The lack of traditional lackluster elements that do not move the story forward and only serve to make the author look lazy clearly makes Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde unique in its own way. First, the fact that the novel is set in London, and, more importantly, on one of its busiest streets – at least, in the major part of the narration – sets the novel apart from a range of other Gothic stories. True, Stevenson does render the concept of decay and deterioration at some point when describing Mr. Hyde’s dwelling; however, the majority of the events depicted in the novel do not take place in the London suburbs. Even the lead, though definitely rubbing elbows with a number of traditional Gothic character archetypes, still differs from a common Gothic interpretation of a protagonist. While in the tradition of a Gothic novel, the leading character is supposed to succumb to temptation of the antagonist, in Stevenson’s novel, Dr. Jekyll is his own worst enemy. Thus, Stevenson diverges from the traditional method of building a Gothic character and, instead, explor es the phenomenon of the latter by looking at his flaws. There is no obvious â€Å"bad guy† in Stevenson’s novel, and the lead is clearly no victim of an evil villain; instead, Dr. Jekyll falls prey to his own psychotic mind: â€Å"If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also† (Stevenson para. 45).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the story is narrated not by the twofaced monster himself, but by his friend, the new angle of viewing the character still enables the reader to consider the situation from Jekyll/Hyde’s perspective and embrace the horror that the character feels: â€Å"[†¦] man is not truly one, but truly two† (Stevenson para. 83). The last and definitely the most important change that Stevenson makes to the tr adition of a Gothic story is the choice to abstain from using the elements of the supernatural in the novel. However, Stevenson does not carve the given element out of the story completely; instead, he replaces it with the mystery of science. Indeed, when taking a closer look at the change that happens to Dr. Jekyll as he drinks the serum, one will find out quickly that the scene of transformation has a lot in common with the werewolf related folklore and has, in fact, little to do with actual biological processes: the â€Å"virtue of transcendental medicine† (Stevenson para. 80), therefore, is miles away from being an accurate description of biological and chemical processes in a human body. Nevertheless, Stevenson defies the concept of the supernatural and decides to switch it with what can technically be defined as science fiction. Hence, Stevenson practically heralds that the time for science to replace magic has come. Conclusion Although traditionally considered a Gothic story, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde creates unique character elements and neglects a number of typical Gothic story elements. The few clichà ©s that are left to identify the story with Gothic novels, however, serve their purpose well by informing the character, defining the story, outlining the key themes and creating a very specific and rather dark mood. For instance, the â€Å"shadow of the fallen world† (Throwbridge 87), though conveyed in a very subtle way, can be easily traced in the transformation of the lead character. The â€Å"strong feeling of deformity† (Stevenson para. 9) that the character gave Mr. Utterson can be applied to the general impression of an average citizen when taking a closer look at the things that are basically wrong with society. A novel that revolutionized Gothic literature by introducing a different character and shifting the emphasis from the collapse of the world to personal regress, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde deserves to be ranked among the best Gothic novels ever created.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. 1846. Web. http://www.literaturepage.com/read/wutheringheights.html. Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003. Print. Stevenson, Robert Louis. â€Å"Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.† Project Gutenberg. 18 Dec. 2011. Web. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42?msg=welcome_stranger. Throwbridge, Serena. Christina Rossetti’s Gothic. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. Print. This essay on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored was written and submitted by user Fernando Zamora to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog 12 of the Most Beautiful Libraries in theWorld

12 of the Most Beautiful Libraries in theWorld If youre not already a regular library goer, it may be time to reconsider your book-gathering habits- libraries are some of the  best places  in the world. (This is coming from a purely unbiased stance, of course.) First, they provide free books. Let me repeat that: Free. Books. Secondly, libraries can be  places of astounding architectural beauty, rich with historical significance. Here are some of the  biggest and most beautiful free-book-dispensers  from around the world. The Admont Library  in  Admont (Austria) The fact that this library is built in the foothills of the Alps basically makes it a staple on  any list of  places to visit in Austria. The library itself is the second-largest monastery library in the world. Designed 1776 in late Baroque style by architect Joseph Hueber, the building features artwork by some of the most premier artists of the time, including Bartolomeo Altomonte. George Peabody Library  in  Baltimore (Maryland, U.S.) Predictably, the structure was funded by philanthropist George Peabody.  He proposed the creation of the library to be a thank you gift to the people of Baltimore for their kindness and hospitality for the duration of his time in the city. The Peabody Stack Room is particularly famous for its five-tier atrium with wrought-iron balconies and sweeping, graceful columns. The building is so grand and so beautiful that it has become a popular setting for weddings and other special events. Clementinum in  Prague (Czech Republic) The Clementinum is  most famous for  the Library Hall which is heavily (but not  too heavily) decorated with Baroque art and architecture primarily in the form of murals and sculpture.  According to legend, when the Jesuits began their formation of the library in 1622, they had only one book, but by the time they were done, their collection boasted 20,000 volumes. The Royal Library  in  Copenhagen Impressively known as The Black Diamond, this library manages to live up to both of its upperclass names. A more recently constructed library, built in just 1999, The Royal Library is composed of steel, glass, and black granite. Within the library, in addition to its thousands and thousands of books, the building also contains a concert hall and a famous cafà ©, so make sure to enjoy a nice cup of coffee while you take in some sweeping views of the Copenhagen harbor. Library of Congress  in  Washington D.C. (U.S.) When the original library burned down in 1814, Thomas Jefferson made sure to pepper the new one with books from his own, far more numerous, collection. A mosaic of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, stands above the main reading room and casts its glow. The library houses thousands of books, scrolls, torches- you name it- and is home also to one of only forty remaining Gutenberg Bibles. In addition to all that, there is also a concert hall and a series of exclusive and rotating exhibits (including  the original Bill of Rights, for example). Central Library  in  Vancouver  (Canada) Even a brief glance at the Central Library will remind  you  of other  iconic buildings- for instance, the Colosseum- just a little bit more modern. Patrons enter the building through a big, sky-lit concourse full of shops and cafà ©s in addition to the more expected presence of books. Bridges throughout this central structure of the library branch into outer regions filled with spots to study and smaller rooms for meetings and whatnot. New York Public Library  in  New York City (U.S.) The New York Public Library is about as big and grand as you might expect a classic building in New York City to be, complete with massive windows, glittering chandeliers, and a reading room so large it spans two city blocks. Even if you dont feel like reading, the librarys halls are painted with elaborate and wonderful murals from various time periods. Marciana Library  in  Venice (Italy) Built in Venice circa 1537 (and not completed for fifty years after construction began), the Marciana Library is one of the oldest remaining libraries in all of Italy. Paintings, murals, and sculptures by Italian Renaissance artists (Alessandro Vittoria, Titian, and Tintoretto to name a few) cover walls, ceilings, and podiums throughout the library. The librarys vast collection contains 750,000 books, 13,000 manuscripts, and 24,000 prints. A literary amassment of this proportion seems almost too great to imagine, but we can assume that it was made possible by the 1603 Italian law that required printers to donate one copy of every work published to their local library. *Tours led in English are available upon request Stuttgart City Library in Stuttgart (Germany) For those who are less enthused by old-timey architecture, never fear, there are some amazing modern libraries too! The Stuttgart, for example, is about as modern as it gets. From the outside, during the day, the building resembles something like  a big, nine-story cube. At sunset, the librarys glass bricks take on a dusky hue, and after hours these unique building blocks are lit by blue lights. Inside, the building is entirely white, and houses an impressive five-story reading room shaped like an upside-down pyramid. Outside this pyramid-esque structure, the library contains a number of meeting rooms, cafà ©s, and a rooftop terrace. Also intriguing is the Library for Insomniacs feature; there is a small collection of books available 24 hours a day for late-night library patrons. Seattle Public Library  in  Seattle (Washington State, U.S.) Architects Rem Koolhaas and   Joshua Prince-Ramus took on a more out-of-the-box approach to designing this library. They decided to center their focus on the interior functionality of the building and letting the exterior sort offall into place. As a result, patrons of the library are greeted by a large building cased primarily in glass faà §ades, allowing for primarily natural light to filter into the library on almost all floors. Fans of non-fiction literature can follow the book spiral: a shelf of books that spirals up four floors on a gentle incline. Visitors will also be treated with thematic floors, like the librarys all-red (legitimately painted all-red) fourth floor. Connemara Public Library in Chennai (India) The Connemara Public Library is just one building in what is a much larger cultural complex in Southeastern India. (This complex is complete with a theater, a museum, and a larger art gallery in addition to the library.) While it was established as long ago as 1896, the library continues to receive copies of all books, periodicals, and newspapers published in India- we can imagine that at this point, the sheer volume of this collection is staggering. The buildings circular entrance opens into a stately reading room with elaborately decorated ceilings. Throughout the library, bibliophiles are treated to ornate artwork, teak balconies, and stained-glass windows. Mortlock Wing State Library  in  Adelaide  (Australia) As far as libraries go, at least amongst the libraries on this rather short list, the Mortlock isnt particularly big with its two floors. But what it may lack in size is made up for in style (quality over quantity and all that) and a collection of important books and periodicals. The artistic highlight of this stately library is the massive Dent and Sons clock hung high at the end of the Reading Room, plated in wrought iron and set in a golden-ornamented balcony. The ceilings glass dome also serves to add to the librarys artistry and openness, allowing for Australias natural light to filter down on book-loving patrons.

Case Study#1 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#1 - Case Study Example In the state of Florida, it can be found out that most of the wildlife has been safeguarded by one or the other law. Such laws of Florida have been enacted by the governments at the various level including local, regional, state or federal (Schaefer, Tucker & McGurie, â€Å"Laws that Protect Florida’s Wildlife†). The other law regarding that of two weeks counselling prior to marriage, for the interracial couples, has been enacted for the best interest of the couple. As, the involved individuals in such marriages are often from a very different cultural and economic background, so it can be identified that such counselling would help the future husband and wife to know each other better. Though it seems that the both the law statutes have been enacted for the greater good of the society, one to reduce the pollution content and save the ecological balance by protecting the extinct species of blood and the other contributing towards post marriage harmony but one might not like the statutes. The person travelling from outside the state of Minnesota might feel that he has to incur extra cost in lieu of pollution resistant device in his vehicle. The interracial couple can also have reservations as they are adult and the state can not impose them the counselling sessions. In such cases, the affected parties might appeal to the higher court of law i.e. the court of appeal. If the legislation permits, they can also appeal to the apex court i.e. the Supreme Court. As discussed earlier, the law of the land should not impose certain statutes upon the mature adults. If any of the individual decided to choose upon his life partner, who happens to be from a different race, the legalities of the nation should not compel him to have mandatory counselling session for two weeks. As matured individual adults, they have the right to get married to the person they want to. Also, it is very hurting

Relations Of Marketing With My Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relations Of Marketing With My Major - Essay Example Management  on the other hand is the act of using available resources well in organizing people with an aim of achieving set goals and objectives. Management involves planning, controlling, decision-making, leadership, and coordination. Management involves company managers and all employees of a company. Marketing relates with my management in many ways aimed at promoting business operations. Management is one of the determinants of marketing. Actually, the management makes marketing decisions while the employees and staff implements the decisions. The management decides what the company will produce, how much will be sold, the selling price, marketing methods, and the staff to carry out marketing. The management organizes the whole organization and the marketing staff. Indeed, the management gives marketing duties and shows how they will take place. In addition, the management trains the marketing team on the marketing strategies to use and the marketing language to use. The manag ement plays a very important role in establishing a good marketing environment. The mode of association between the marketers and the customers originates from the management. The management forms the basis of any marketing strategy that the employees use in selling the company’s products and services. A good marketing strategy encourages the participation of the management and the employees. Indeed, the management coordinates all marketing activities between the company and the customers. The management achieves this by allocating time, locations, and availing materials necessary for marketing operations. The management is also involved in planning all operations of an organization including the marketing operations where the managers are the leaders of such activities. The management not only recruits the marketing team, but also determines the remuneration of the marketing team. In addition, to determine

Communication between couples of different ethnicitys Term Paper

Communication between couples of different ethnicitys - Term Paper Example Since the communication is considered to be an important part of our everyday lives, therefore, interpersonal communication is equally important for the interpersonal relationships, for which communication is considered as lifeblood. Without considerable communication, relationships cannot flourish at any stage (Kalbfleisch, Interpersonal Communication: Evolving Interpersonal Relationship). However, the interpersonal communication becomes more complex between couples of different ethnicities. In this paper, to discuss the interpersonal communication between couple from different ethnicities, two articles have been discussed. The first article is by Harris and Kalbfleisch (2001); which discusses the attraction of different ethnic groups towards each other. The article also explains that while dating, the individuals keep in view the ethnic background of the partner and select their communication strategies accordingly. The second article is by Claborne and Duan (2011) which discusses the mate selection in intercultural marriages. The researcher claims that with positive link of communication between couples, a balanced relationship can be attained. On the basis of these discussed articles, the conclusion for this paper has been made accordingly. Articles ARTICLE 1: In the article, ‘Interracial Dating: the Implications of Race for Initiating a Romantic Relationship’ by Harris and Kalbfleisch (2001), the research shows that mostly the couples from different ethnicities are attracted towards each other because of similar values and interest. Few of them are attracted due to the physical appearance of their counterpart, and the rest of them because of their physiological makeup. The paper predicts the future of interracial dating to be very bright, as the population of the U.S. will consist primarily of people of the colour. This will increase the interpersonal contact between different ethnicities, thus the ratio of their relationship will also rise. T he paper discusses the role of communication in the interracial romantic relationship. The paper presents six factors by Orbe that influence the co-cultural communication. The factors include: the preferred outcome for the relationship; the lived experience of co-cultural group members; abilities that refer to personal skills at using different communication practices; situational context involving the setting; perceived cost and reward involved in the co-cultural communication; and communication approaches to choose the appropriate communication strategy. Similarly Adler and Towne (2003) discuss the identity needs of the humans and explain that the sense of identity only comes from the interaction with others. Under this situation, the results of the paper conclude that the race of a potential romantic relational partner directly affects the verbal strategies that a person uses to initiate the date. It was also stated that due to the attitude about the interracial relationships, th e participants purposely choose verbal strategies. Showing that, to fulfil their identity needs, the partners adopt different strategies that help them continue the communication between them. ARTICLE 2: The other paper is ‘Interaction in Intercultural Marriage’ by Claborne and Duan (2010). The paper discusses the expectancy in the communication and culture. The paper says that cultures are extremely complex and consist of a number of interrelated cultural orientations. Thus, the expectancy valences can

The Movers of the World and Their Importance to Society Essay Example for Free

The Movers of the World and Their Importance to Society Essay A person with an AK -47 automatic assault rifle steps in the local mall and shoots all the employees and kills them. The owner comes in and realizes that the most important part of his company is no longer around to sell and take orders to help it keep it running. So just like a company without people to help run it, a company without a person with the knowledge of computer information science isn’t going to get far .Well, not as quickly as everyone else in receiving and issuing out information. Obtaining a degree in computer information science will give me an opportunity to join a lot of jobs from different type of companies. It will give me the understanding of the communication system networking in business .I will get a broad view of what type work settings I will be working in with a degree in computer information science. Also I will get a quick view of what formed computer information science and will I make enough money to take a cruise thru the Bahamas every year. An individual with a degree in computer science will be solving problems, creating new technologies, and carrying out research. They will also come up with new ways to apply a new idea that is dealing with computer use and expound them to others. Companies now and days are turning to computers because it is a quicker way to communicate with mass people, other businesses and send and receive information. Having the knowledge of computer science is another way to keep up with daily, monthly and yearly activities. In order for a company to keep up with the business world of today they must have someone who has gumption of computer operations. I chose computer science because there are lots of positions that I can get from that degree. Although there are different concentrations in that degree I still have plenty of options to choose from with a concentration in networking. Networking gives me the options of choosing different job titles. I could go for system analysts because systems analysts are the main individual’s in the success of any company. They create new systems while dealing with existing capabilities of technology that is avail. I could be a database administrator, processing all the company data since all companies have information that they want to keep up with. Any concentration of computer science will allow the holder to build any organization networking for the users can be able to get information from outside networks such as email communications. Computer scientist can also be working to have inside company network communications running mellifluous. Another reason I chose this job is because the work environment will be relaxing and with flexibility. Computer systems analysts, database administrators, and computer scientists generally work in pleasant work environments such as research laboratories or offices. Given the advanced technology options available to many businesses and professionals it is also possible to telecommute. Networks evolve and expand people can work from home and other non-office locations (Guide to college majors in computers science, 1999). Like I said before there are many titles for computer information science in a variety of jobs if not 90% of jobs and the salary varies.An systems analysts can earn from $73,000 on up. Data administrators can earn up to $68,000.If one want to further their career and get a master ‘s in computer information science then they can earn a salary of $97,000 to $121,000 yearly. While it is possible to find jobs as researchers or adjuncts with only a masters degree, a doctorate in computer science is usually the least needed for careers in academia and research (Paley, 1999). I consider all them good paying prospects. All companies deal with numbers in the sense of mathematics. Have been birth from the mathematics department, it’s best to know its characteristics and be grounded with them. The main characteristics are calculus,algebra,physics and chemistry (Paley, 1999). Math is the foundation and employers are looking for the that type of potential to keep the company moving toward the future. Technology is advancing and being created everyday and that is creating positions in companies.Jobs have different names for the same job field and obtaining a higher degree in your field can move you up in the company.You can start as a database entry -level worker and move up to a data administrator. Certification is essentially a standard process in the industry (Computer science,technology and database administration careers and jobs 2012). That is the main reason employers are looking for people with degrees or certifications stating computer information science. Businesses flourish with the knowledge of computer information science. Living in today’s world people are impatient with questions and are quickly coming up with ideas. People want a quick way to solve these problems and distribute them fast. Computers are a way to satisfy that need and companies are in competition in recruiting people who have the networking skills with computers. One will need that skill to keep the company interacting with people inside and outside the company in a quick way. Having the mathematical mind will help solve problems that will give a person the one up on the next person in job searching. Having a computer information science degree will give one the opportunity to work from the comfort of their home to a nice office setting with the ability to maneuver around personal living. On top of that, you will be earning that salary to take that trip to the Bahamas every year. References Guide to college majors in computers science. (1999). Retrieved 11 29, 2012, from worldwidelearn: http://www.worldwidelearn.com/online-education-guide/technology/computer-science-major.htm Career overview. (2012). Retrieved 11 29, 2012, from Computer science.technology,and database administration careers and jobs: http://www.careeroverview.com/computer-science-careers.html Paley, I. (1999). computer science degree information. Retrieved 11 29, 2012,

Sectionalism Versus Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings Essay

After the war of 1812, there was a strong sense of nationalism since the young United States had won a war against the powerful British Army. However, the loss of thousands of southern slaves and the British embargo led both the north and the south to lament over the cost of the war. The time period from 1815 – 1825 that some historians call the era of good feelings was not as positive a time period as the title implies; factions ran rampant on the verge of causing an implosion for our country’s political system. The United States began to dissatisfy some of its citizens and so the concerns of sectionalism, or the split of the country began to arise. There was a continuous riff between the south and the north over a few issues, a major one being slavery. The south argued that the slaves were necessary to support the southern economy. According to document A, the south were angry that the north was creating taxes that hurt the southern economy, thus increasing the need for slavery since they had to make up for the expense of the taxes. The south felt that the north was able...

Kant and Euthanasia Essay

According to the Human Society of the United States, 2. 7 million animals are euthanized each year, yet human assisted euthanasia is not even legal in 46 states. Not only do animals not have to give consent to their deaths but it is legal in every single state. Even though the basis of Kantian ethics and Catholicism lie hundreds of years apart, they are almost identical when it comes to their views on some moral issues. In regards to euthanasia, Kant and Catholicism have different reasons, yet their views are the same in that they say euthanasia is wrong. To find whether or not Kant and Catholics agree or disagree, there must first be a consensus on whether euthanasia is the same as killing someone. As defined by Webster’s dictionary, to kill is to cause the death. Voluntary euthanasia, which is the only type that is present in the United States, must fit five characteristics in order for it to be legal. First, the patient must be suffering from a deadly illness. Second, the disease must be so developed that a cure for the said disease would not increase the chance of life. Furthermore, if the deathly ill person has unparalleled pain and even if saved, he or she would need life support for the remaining time. Moreover, and probably most importantly the person must wish and want to die. Finally, the person must not have the strength to kill themselves on their own. When these questions are cleared, the doctor may then give a series of drugs that first but the patient in a coma and then a painless death. The doctor is clearly causing the death of the patient; therefore, no matter how society looks at it, by definition, euthanasia is indeed an act of killing. No matter the circumstances surrounding the action, in the eyes of the Catholic Church, killing is always wrong. This matter can be settled with a literal translation and reading of the Bible. In Exodus Chapter 21 verse 23 it states, â€Å"You are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. † As anyone can see, the Catholics during the time that the bible was written agree that killing is wrong and has the gravest of consequences. Still today, Catholics share the same beliefs as it states in the Catechism â€Å"Whatever its motives and means, direct euthanasia consists in putting an end to the lives of handicapped, sick, or dying persons. It is morally unacceptable. † This is morally unacceptable because an act such as this goes against, â€Å"the dignity of the human person and to the respect due to the living God, his Creator† (CCC 2277). From these citations of the Catechism, Catholics can see that God does not give permission to use euthanasia not only because human dignity is lost, but also because it is a vice against the being who created the life itself. Kant, like Catholics would agree that no one should ever be killed strictly because killing is wrong. Kant would refer to the categorical imperatives when making his decision. â€Å"His first formulation of categorical imperative talks about man being a rational being; since he is a rational being, he has no right to formulate such a maxim like â€Å"if I am in a terrible condition, I have the right to take my life or reserve the right to the doctor or my family members†Ã¢â‚¬  (Odianosen 9). When talking about Kant, Odianosen clearly agrees and supports that the categorical imperatives point in the direction away from any sort of euthanasia. In this quote that Odianosen uses, he is stating that the rational part of humans shall not call for something as ridicules as euthanasia. Of course Catholics and Kant believe in stopping human euthanasia, but Kant’s peculiar reasoning behind this is quite different from a Catholic’s thought of not disrespecting God’s holy creations. In An Introduction to Catholic Ethics by Longtin and Peach, thoroughly explain that in Kantian ethics, one must follow the moral law for the sake of the moral law itself. This means that one must not use euthanasia not because it may be considered murder and not because it might disrespect God, but because euthanasia in itself is unethical. Since murder is also a universal law, people cannot simply use someone as a means to an end meaning that is euthanasia is wanted mainly because insurance money is given out more quickly. Indeed, although their reasoning may be different, overall Catholics and Kant would agree. During the Age of Enlightenment, Kant walked the earth and thought of what is right, and what is truly wrong. The first Catholics were born over one thousand years prior, and they created a doctrine of ethics in which some are still agreed upon today. Both agree, no matter how different their backgrounds were, that taking a life even if that life is suffering is never okay; however between the categorical imperative and God’s will, their reasons for doing so are worlds apart. In extensively researching this topic, and having my own opinions, I would have to disagree with both of them. I think that taking a life in these situations is the humane option for several reasons. Firstly, if a human being is undergoing large amounts of pain and will clearly end in imminent death, there is no use for him or her to go through such a stressful time if there is a quick and painless option. In addition, euthanasia may be the more economically sound option. Often, medical bill can be extremely expensive if great medical insurance is not possessed, and keeping that person alive for a small amount of time would put the entire family in a deep and maybe never ending economic plunder. Finally, and usually most importantly, it gives the family a sense of closer. No one wants to worry if their best friend, or favorite family will die today, tomorrow, next Friday, or in two months from now. Euthanasia provides the entire family to list all of their final goodbyes, stories, and regrets. Without a doubt, euthanasia is a clearly morally right in my mind even though many such as Kant and Catholics would argue otherwise. Works Cited â€Å"Common Questions about Animal Shelters : The Humane Society of the United States. † RSS. Humane Society of the United States, 3 May 2013. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. Longtin, Lucien F. , and Andrew J. Peach. An Introduction to Catholic Ethics. Washington, D. C.: National Catholic Educational Association, 2003. Print. New American Bible. New York: American Bible Society, 2010. Print. Odianosen, Peter. Immanuel Kant’s Moral Theory as a Response to Euthanasia. N. p. : University of Ibadan, n. d. Academia. edu. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. Patterson, R. F. New Webster’s Dictionary. Plantation, FL: Paradise, 1997. Print. Paul II, Pope John. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. Young, Robert. â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia. † Stanford University. Stanford University, 18 Apr. 1996. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.

Performance Management Questions Essay

Answer only two (2) of the following essay questions (up to 5 points each). Direct, succinct answers are expected. Key words, not the amount of verbiage, count the most. Bullet statements are OK. You will be graded on content. Use knowledge from text, handouts, articles or lecture. Do not answer more than 2 essays. Cite main source of material – but no References page required. 1. Explain the Performance Management system, its main purpose and key components 2. Explain the three areas of a needs assessment – as it used to decide if training is the proper approach to an issue, problem – or new program – and what type of training is best. The three areas of training needs assessment are as follows: Occupational assessment(examines skills, abilities and knowledge that is needed to execute success in occupational groups) organizational assessment(determines level of organization within a specific division of a company), and individual assessment(determines whether the level of expertise of a single person are up to par for the job title they hold.) 3. In your opinion, and use of our text – what is HRM’s role as a strategic partner in an organization? Include several duties and decisions HRM would make in strategy.(NOT about HRM functions) Provide one example. 4. In your opinion – what is the most important Employment law passed – and why? I believe the most important employment law is the equal pay act of 1963. This law ensures that pay is equal between two employees regardless of gender, race or any other physical attribute not pertaining to the job. I believe this law to be the most important not only in the field of employment but also for civil rights.As it let the American people know that they were equally compensated in the work place and that no one is beneath another.

18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors

18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors 18 Pieces of Publishing Advice From Our Authors For the past two years, this blog has been home to the From Our Authors series: articles penned by authors on the Reedsy Network. They've kindly shared their publishing experiences with their fellow writers, filling us all in on what has worked (and not worked) for them. Straight from this well of knowledge, we've handpicked the 18 best pieces of advice from our authors.Thoughts on Writing1) Amanda Wills: There are two types of writers - Plotters and Pantsers â€Å"If you plan your novel to the nth degree before you type a single word, you’re a Plotter; if you sit at your computer, take a deep breath and fly by the seat of your pants, you’re a Pantser. There are pros and cons to both: Knowing exactly what’s coming next means that Plotters are less likely to suffer from writer’s block. Pantsers, on the other hand, have the freedom to let their characters take control, which can be both terrifying and exciting at the same time. However, be warned, Pantsers: editing will be especially important for you in order to spot plot continuity problems.†2) Frank Warsh: How reading comic books can enhance your storytelling skills "Maybe the goal of the story is plot-driven - setting up a story arc of Batman coming into conflict with the police and justice system. Maybe the goal is character-driven, and Batman’s increasing violence is a sign of repressed childhood memories. Maybe it’s both. The point is that comic books provide a ready-made template for breaking down your story into well-circumscribed chapters or â€Å"beats." success@reedsy.com and maybe our next round-up will feature nuggets of wisdom from you!

Leadership in Today's Education System in America Essay

Leadership in Today's Education System in America - Essay Example The university is reviewing the other models to see if they better portray the leadership in military. 1 In USA the knowledgeable and effective school leaders are extremely important. This is to determine the technology use and to understand of learning of the students. These two issues need the leadership qualities in principals and teachers. The administrators used to feel uncomfortable about the leadership qualities, but the removal of uncertainty implemented effective technology and leadership qualities. This is by developing own knowledge about technology, discipline, management, learning and understanding. Technology has been a significant factor in the above factors. 2 According to Heifetz the leadership is a change or adaptive process. This is for addressing the conflicts in the values people hold. This can diminish the gap between the different values of the people. This makes them stand for the facts they have to face. In the past the views of the leadership involved managerial or operational functions. Now the discipline, learning and understanding has to be involved in them to make teachers, principals and educational leaders to guide the student community towards the changing times without or with minimum conflict. This is due to the fact that the American education cannot continue as usual with the systems from 70's. The previous system produced managers but not leaders who can take care of curriculum, instruction and assessment. When the education is concentrating only on management and not on learning and understanding, the principals, teachers and educational personalities cannot be good leaders to resolve the conflicts in the education system. After 1980 the data driven decision making came to the fore. The test results and school design were the chief topics and professional development workshops evolved. The system sought the school leaders to be instructional. This focused on staff, students and parents to concentrate on student learning that is emphasized by effective teaching. School leaders were exhorted to become instructional leaders and focus the staff, students, and parents on student learning by emphasizing effective teaching and learning strategies, use of data for decision making, parental involvement in schools, and more. In the present situation the administrators in educational institutions are managing operations of the institutions focusing on student learning, standards, high stakes accountability and performance assessments. These include the restructuring efforts. This resulted in the excessive work loads for the administrators, teachers and students as it resulted in shifting from operational to instructional leadership. The following is the quote of Lasway and Mazzarella and Grundy in 1995. "At a minimum, we can be sure they [school districts] want someone who can carry out a long list of specific duties. The new principal will be expected to arrange class schedules, resolve discipline problems, administer a labor contract, evaluate teachers, and apply the oil of public relations to points of friction with the community. And that's just in the morning." This is a follow up of the emphasis laid on standards based school leadership in 1990s. Though the focus on the standards is convincing, there is a current need for renewal of focus on

Sexual Harassment and Availing Resources to Guardians and Instructors Research Paper

Sexual Harassment and Availing Resources to Guardians and Instructors - Research Paper Example The ethnography is an instrument, often utilized in sociology and anthropology inscription. It recapitulates notes on a certain group of individuals assembled over a period. Ethnography is the scientific depiction of dissimilar ethnicities and traditions. This volume by Pascoe explores the intricate landscape of sexuality and gender distinctiveness in high schools. The exploration is prudent and perceptive. This study took place under a period of eight months in an ethnically assorted working-class high school; River High. This volume illuminates masculinity as a field of denotation as well as a group of social practices. The technique of scrutinizing masculinity is eccentric. Masculinity is not only presented as a gendered procedure but also as a sexual one. In the volume, the ghost of the homosexual becomes a punitive method for regulating heterosexuals. In addition, it regulates the homosexual males as well. The homosexual dialogue is extremely related to gender as well as sexuali ty. Additionally, this volume attempts to delve into both male and female sexuality (Pascoe 3). The volume commences with a scene that underscores the divergent premise of masculinity at River High. The Mr Cougar contest evidently elucidates the intersecting dynamics of ethnicity, bodies, sexuality, gender, social class, and organizational procedures that represent adolescent masculinity in a situation. The setting is perfect for the study of sexual characteristics and sexuality. Two nerds Craig and Brent convert from un-masculine geeks who cannot guard their girlfriends into heterosexual, brawny males. This masculinising procedure occurs via an alteration of bodies, the affirmation of ethnic privilege and portrayal of heterosexuality. This scene depicts that heterosexuality is central to masculinity.  

Business law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law questions - Essay Example The first of these is the belief that the current trajectory of the economy and governmental spending models is unsustainable and will result in a crash of epic proportions once the currency loses its strength and/or a loss of faith within the monetary system is evidenced around the world. However, a secondary and more nuanced approach is that debt and budget deficits in and of themselves are not necessarily a bad thing; rather such an approach seeks to prove that as long as the economy is growing at a commensurately faster rate than is the national debt and budget deficits, then all is well. As a function of analyzing these two approaches and drawing a level of inference from them, this brief analysis will succinctly define both of these approaches and enumerate upon the strengths and weaknesses that both portend. Firstly, with regards to the pessimists approach that the current levels of debt and budget deficits are untenable, one can look to the contrary example of Japan and many other highly developed and wealthy nations around the world to give first hand evidence of the fact that high levels of sustained debt and budget deficits are not necessarily proof that the end of the economic system is soon to be realized. However, just because there are other nations in the world that sustain high levels of debt and continue to experience large yearly budget deficits should not be understood to mean that these factors do not have any effect at all on the overall economic strength of the system. Secondly, the alternative view supports the fact that debt and budget deficits are not necessarily a bad thing; especially considering the extant need that is exhibited within the current economy. Individuals that espouse this approach, such as Paul Krugman, believe that the government and the society at large exhibits a need that must be fulfilled during such difficult

Gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Gun control - Research Paper Example The proponents of gun rights argue that the availability of gun in the public spheres allows the people to protect themselves, and this ultimately is a solution to the gun crisis that exist in the affected states. Gun control is indeed not a solution for the violence and killing that are evident in states such as America. The Gun culture is an issue that started back in the 1970s when citizens were given the right to possess a gun as a defense weapon. In the famous westward expansion in the history of America, the citizens were allowed to safeguard their lives from attackers and wild animals in a period that was characterized with war and rivarly. This implies that the initial motive of providing gun rights was to protect the people from criminal acts that were threatening the people. In a period of high crime like the 21stcentury, the purchase of guns has increased as people prepare to counter these crime rates in the public domain. The supporters of the Gun rights argue that this i s the period that people need more personal protection than ever in the history of America (Moorhouse 103-124). Consequently, legalizing the purchase of guns in USA will empower the citizens to be more conscious of crime at their homes. Statistics compiled in 1990 have pointed out to the aggravation of criminal activities in the United States, most of which were perpetrateted by arm owners. Crooker (1) points out that atleast one person dies in America every 18 minutes which amounts to a total of about 30, 000 deathst very year. Of these, less than 50% of people who die are killed while the rest are victims of accidental gun shots and other commit murder using legally owned weapons. The question that emerges from these kind of statistics is whether legal arms or illegal arms result to the increased number of gun deaths in the united states. From the point of critical evaluator, legal arms as well are dangerous in the public sphere and the question of withdrawing gun rights can be ra ised at this point. Withdrawing the public right to own a gun would help to reduce the number of accidental deaths as well as the rate of suicide that has threatened the existence of the citizens in America. On this ground, most supporters of gun control feel that both illegal and legal arms should be withdrawn from the public to ensure that the people are safe from sudden deaths. However withdrawing the gun from the public spheres may not be an ultimate solution to the number of gun deaths that are increasing each day as more rifles find their way into the public sphere. DeConde (172) presents the pros and cons of denying the public the rights to possess legal firearms which has underpinned the death of more citizens every year. Depossessing the public with the right to own firearms will ensure that the rates of suicide would decrease considerably and the consequent drop in the number of people who die from stray bullets. However, the impact that this would have is that illegal arm owners, who are mostly criminals ,would have an advantage over the public, which is likely to trigger higher crime rates in the American society.In essence, this will be leaving the public more vulnerable to criminals which will lead to the death of loyal people and the thrive of criminals. Otherwise, the government would be forced to be more responsible of the security which is practically impossible given the high population

Calculating Year-On-Year Growth of GDP

Calculating Year-On-Year Growth of GDP Introduction The model which is to be developed is real GDP in the UK. From such a series of real values, it is straightforward to calculate year-on-year growth of GDP. Selection of variables To model GDP, key factors identified by Easton (2004) include labour costs, savings ratio, taxation issues, inflation and terms of trade. However, many of these variables are not available for the required 40 year time span. The variables eventually chosen and the justification were as follows: GDP: the dependent variable, measured at 1950 prices. As GDP deflator figures were not available back to 1960, the eventual starting point of the analysis, the RPI inflation measure was used to convert the series into real prices. Exim: this variable is the sum of imports and exports, at constant 1950 prices. As a measure of trade volumes, EXIM would be expected to increase as GDP also increases. The RPI deflator was also used for this series. Total trade was plasced into one variable was to abide by the constraint of no more than four independent variables. Energy: energy consumption was calculated as production plus imports minus exports in tonnes of oil equivalent. As energy use increases, we would expect to see an increase in the proportion of GDP attributable to manufacturing.[1] Labour: this variable is the total number of days lost through disputes. We would expect this variable to have a negative coefficient, since an increase in the number of days lost will lead to a reduction of GDP. Scatter diagrammes showing the relationship between the dependent variable GDP and each of the independent variables is sown in Appendix 1. These diagrammes support each of the hypotheses outlined above. Main results The regression equation produced by EViews, once the energy variable is excluded, is as follows: GDP = -73223.22384 + 1.062678514*EXIM 0.1391051564*LABOUR + 1.565374397*POPN The adjusted R2 is equal to 0.978; or, 97.8% of the variation in GDP is accounted for by the variation in EXIM, LABOUR and POPN. Each of the coefficients of the three independent variables, EXIM, LABOUR and POPN, have t-statistics sufficiently high to reject the null hypothesis that any of the coefficients is equal to zero; in other words, each variable makes a significant contribution to the overall equation. To test the overall fit of the equation, the F value of 703 allows us similarly to reject the hypothesis that the coefficients are simultaneously all equal to zero. Dependent Variable: GDP Method: Least Squares Date: 04/15/08 Time: 09:10 Sample: 1960 2006 Included observations: 47 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -73223.22 23204.60 -3.155548 0.0029 EXIM 1.062679 0.117445 9.048297 0.0000 LABOUR -0.139105 0.036951 -3.764585 0.0005 POPN 1.565374 0.443541 3.529270 0.0010 R-squared 0.980046 Mean dependent var 32813.25 Adjusted R-squared 0.978654 S.D. dependent var 10905.60 S.E. of regression 1593.331 Akaike info criterion 17.66631 Sum squared resid 1.09E+08 Schwarz criterion 17.82377 Log likelihood -411.1582 F-statistic 703.9962 Durbin-Watson stat 0.746519 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 The Akaike and Schwartz criteria are used principally to compare two or more models (a model with a lower value of either of these statistics is preferred). As we are analysing only one model here, we will not discuss these two further. Using tables provided by Gujarati (2004), the upper and lower limits for the DW test are: DL = 1.383 DU = 1.666 The DW statistic calculated by EViews is 0.746, which is below DL. This results leads us to infer that there is no positive autocorrelation in the model. This is an unlikely result, given that we are dealing with increasing variables over time, but we shall examine the issue of autocorrelation in detail later on. Multicollinearity Ideally, there should be little or no significant correlation between the dependent variables; if two dependent variables are perfectly correlated, then one variable is redundant and the OLS equations could not be solved. The correlation of variables table below shows that EXIM and POPN have a particularly high level of correlation (the removal of the ENERGY variable early on solved two other cases of multicollinearity). It is important, however, to point out that multicollinearity does not violate any assumptions of the OLS process and Gujarati points out the multicollinearity is a consequence of the data being observed (indeed, section 10.4 of his book is entitled â€Å"Multicollinearity; much ado about nothing?†). Correlations of Variables GDP EXIM POPN ENERGY GDP 1.000000 EXIM 0.984644 POPN 0.960960 0.957558 ENERGY 0.835053 0.836279 0.914026 LABOUR -0.380830 -0.320518 -0.259193 -0.166407 Analysis of Residuals Overview The following graph shows the relationship between actual, fitted and residual values. At first glance, the residuals appear to be reasonably well behaved; the values are not increasing over time and there several points at which the residual switches from positive to negative. A more detailed tabular version of this graph may be found at Appendix 2. Heteroscedascicity To examine the issue of heteroscedascicity more closely, we will employ White’s test. As we are using a model with only three independent variables, we may use the version of the test which uses the cross-terms between the independent variables. White Heteroskedasticity Test: F-statistic 1.174056 Probability 0.339611 Obs*R-squared 10.44066 Probability 0.316002 Test Equation: Dependent Variable: RESID^2 Method: Least Squares Date: 04/16/08 Time: 08:24 Sample: 1960 2006 Included observations: 47 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -2.99E+09 4.06E+09 -0.735744 0.4665 EXIM -49439.98 45383.77 -1.089376 0.2830 EXIM^2 -0.175428 0.128496 -1.365249 0.1804 EXIM*LABOUR -0.049223 0.047215 -1.042532 0.3039 EXIM*POPN 0.982165 0.879151 1.117174 0.2711 LABOUR -18039.83 18496.29 -0.975322 0.3357 LABOUR^2 -0.018423 0.009986 -1.844849 0.0731 LABOUR*POPN 0.344698 0.336446 1.024526 0.3122 POPN 120773.0 157305.5 0.767761 0.4475 POPN^2 -1.217523 1.523271 -0.799282 0.4292 R-squared 0.222142 Mean dependent var 2322644. Adjusted R-squared 0.032933 S.D. dependent var 3306810. S.E. of regression 3251902. Akaike info criterion 33.01368 Sum squared resid 3.91E+14 Schwarz criterion 33.40733 Log likelihood -765.8215 F-statistic 1.174056 Durbin-Watson stat 1.306019 Prob(F-statistic) 0.339611 The 5% critical value for chi-squared with nine degrees of freedom is 16.919, whilst the computed value of White’s statistic is 10.44. We may therefore conclude that, on the basis of the White test, there is no evidence of heteroscedascicity. Autocorrelation The existence of autocorrelation exists in the model if there exists correlation between residuals. In the context of a time series, we are particularly interested to see if successive residual values are related to prior values. To determine autocorrelation, Gujarati’s rule of thumb of using between a third and a quarter of the length of the time series was used. In this particular case, a lag of 15 was selected. Date: 04/16/08 Time: 08:05 Sample: 1960 2006 Included observations: 47 Autocorrelation Partial Correlation AC PAC Q-Stat Prob . |**** | . |**** | 1 0.494 0.494 12.234 0.000 . |*** | . |** | 2 0.423 0.237 21.409 0.000 . |*. | .*| . | 3 0.155 -0.171 22.669 0.000 . | . | .*| . | 4 0.007 -0.145 22.672 0.000 .*| . | .*| . | 5 -0.109 -0.069 23.319 0.000 **| . | .*| . | 6 -0.244 -0.160 26.674 0.000 **| . | . | . | 7 -0.194 0.037 28.845 0.000 **| . | . | . | 8 -0.202 -0.004 31.247 0.000 **| . | .*| . | 9 -0.226 -0.162 34.344 0.000 **| . | .*| . | 10 -0.269 -0.186 38.859 0.000 .*| . | . |*. | 11 -0.134 0.122 40.013 0.000 .*| . | . | . | 12 -0.079 0.047 40.428 0.000 .*| . | .*| . | 13 -0.078 -0.151 40.837 0.000 . | . | . | . | 14 0.013 0.029 40.849 0.000 . | . | . | . | 15 0.041 0.018 40.970 0.000 The results of the Q statistic indicate that the data is nonstationary; in other words, the mean and standard deviation of the data do indeed vary over time. This is not a surprising result, given growth in the UK’s economy and population since 1960. A further test available to test for autocorrelation is the Breusch-Godfrey test. The results of this test on the model are detailed below. Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test: F-statistic 15.53618 Probability 0.000010 Obs*R-squared 20.26299 Probability 0.000040 Test Equation: Dependent Variable: RESID Method: Least Squares Date: 04/16/08 Time: 09:23 Presample missing value lagged residuals set to zero. Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 9294.879 18204.51 0.510581 0.6124 EXIM 0.047292 0.092176 0.513065 0.6107 LABOUR 0.039181 0.031072 1.260967 0.2144 POPN -0.182287 0.348222 -0.523479 0.6035 RESID(-1) 0.788084 0.154144 5.112655 0.0000 RESID(-2) -0.180226 0.160485 -1.123009 0.2680 R-squared 0.431127 Mean dependent var 0.000100 Adjusted R-squared 0.361753 S.D. dependent var 1540.499 S.E. of regression 1230.710 Akaike info criterion 17.18731 Sum squared resid 62100572 Schwarz criterion 17.42350 Log likelihood -397.9019 F-statistic 6.214475 Durbin-Watson stat 1.734584 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000225 We can observe from the results above that RESID(-1) has a high t value. In other words, we would reject the hypothesis of no first order autocorrelation. By contrast, second order autocorrelation does not appear to be present in the model. Overcoming serial correlation A method to overcome the problem of nonstationarity is to undertake a difference of the dependent variable (ie GDPyear1 – GDPyear0) An initial attempt to improve the equation by using this differencing method produced a very poor result, as can be seen below. Dependent Variable: GDPDIFF Method: Least Squares Date: 04/16/08 Time: 08:17 Sample: 1961 2006 Included observations: 46 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 14037.58 12694.29 1.105818 0.2753 EXIM 0.084287 0.052601 1.602398 0.1167 ENERGY 0.011470 0.011710 0.979487 0.3331 LABOUR -0.004251 0.014304 -0.297230 0.7678 POPN -0.300942 0.265082 -1.135279 0.2629 R-squared 0.207408 Mean dependent var 816.6959 Adjusted R-squared 0.130082 S.D. dependent var 657.1886 S.E. of regression 612.9557 Akaike info criterion 15.77678 Sum squared resid 15404304 Schwarz criterion 15.97555 Log likelihood -357.8660 F-statistic 2.682255 Durbin-Watson stat 1.401626 Prob(F-statistic) 0.044754 Forecasting The forecasts for the dependent variables are based on Kirby (2008) and are presented below. The calculation of EXIM for future years was based upon growth rates for exports (47% of the 2006 total) and imports (53%) separately. The two streams were added together to produce the 1950 level GDP figure, from which year-on-year increases in GDP could be calculated. The results of the forecast are shown below. The 2008 figure was felt to be particularly unrealistic, so a sensitivity test was applied to EXIM (population growth is relatively certain in the short term and calculating a forecast of labour days lost is a particularly difficult challenge). Instead of EXIM growing by an average of 1.7% per annum during the forecast period, its growth was constrained to 0.7%. As we can see from the â€Å"GDP2† column, GDP forecast growth is significantly lower in 2008 and 2009 as a result. Critical evaluation of the econometric approach to model building and forecasting GDP is dependent on many factors, many of which were excluded from this analysis due to the unavailability of data covering forty years. Although the main regression results appear highly significant, there are many activities which should be trialled to try to improve the approach: a shorter time series with more available variables: using a short time series would enable a more intuitive set of variables to be trialled. For example, labour days lost is effectively a surrogate for productivity and cost per labour hour, but this is unavailable over 40 years; transformation of variables: a logarithmic or other transformation should be trialled to ascertain if some of the problems observed, such as autocorrelation, could be mitigated to any extent. The other, more relevant transformation is to undertake differencing of the data to remove autocorrelation; the one attempt made in this paper was particularly unsuccessful! Approximate word count, excluding all tables, charts and appendices: 1,400 Appendix 1 – Scatter diagrammes of GDP against dependent variables Appendix 2 obs Actual Fitted Residual Residual Plot 1960 17460.5 15933.8 1526.78 | . | * | 1961 17816.1 16494.5 1321.57 | . | *. | 1962 17883.8 16714.1 1169.67 | . | * . | 1963 18556.7 18153.6 403.108 | . |* . | 1964 19618.0 19117.8 500.191 | . | * . | 1965 20209.7 19558.9 650.773 | . | * . | 1966 20699.1 20272.1 426.905 | . |* . | 1967 21303.1 20973.3 329.754 | . |* . | 1968 22037.1 22395.3 -358.204 | . *| . | 1969 22518.6 22824.6 -305.982 | . *| . | 1970 23272.7 23147.8 124.912 | . * . | 1971 23729.9 23395.8 334.070 | . |* . | 1972 24806.3 22418.6 2387.67 | . | . * | 1973 26134.9 27249.5 -1114.60 | . * | . | 1974 25506.2 28880.9 -3374.64 | * . | . | 1975 25944.6 28401.8 -2457.14 | * . | . | 1976 26343.7 30306.2 -3962.47 |* . | . | 1977 26468.8 29829.1 -3360.31 | * . | . | 1978 28174.4 29922.0 -1747.61 | * | . | 1979 29232.7 27846.9 1385.71 | . | *. | 1980 28957.2 29271.0 -313.855 | . *| . | 1981 28384.0 29590.8 -1206.86 | .* | . | 1982 28626.2 29526.2 -899.933 | . * | . | 1983 29915.3 30883.9 -968.627 | . * | . | 1984 30531.7 29677.7 853.960 | . | * . | 1985 31494.3 33289.4 -1795.09 | * | . | 1986 32748.5 33293.0 -544.520 | . * | . | 1987 34609.2 34223.2 385.976 | . |* . | 1988 36842.2 34669.4 2172.76 | . | . * | 1989 37539.8 35938.6 1601.20 | . | * | 1990 37187.7 35988.5 1199.22 | . | *. | 1991 36922.2 35080.4 1841.84 | . | .* | 1992 37116.4 35793.7 1322.74 | . | *. | 1993 38357.7 38051.2 306.418 | . |* . | 1994 39696.7 39790.8

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War Essay

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War After World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the West's dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international unity and cooperation as nations began to take moral and political responsibility for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common ground on which to base a political, economical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe while the US and other Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. "Containment of 'world revolution' became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special exhibit on the Internal Workings of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by the actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed information of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many useful links to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of the circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war : the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London; New York; Routledge, 1995. Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War Essay Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War After World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the West's dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international unity and cooperation as nations began to take moral and political responsibility for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common ground on which to base a political, economical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe while the US and other Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. "Containment of 'world revolution' became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special exhibit on the Internal Workings of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by the actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed information of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many useful links to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of the circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war : the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London; New York; Routledge, 1995.

The Benefits of Team Working

3. 1:Assess the benefits of team working in my organisation. Team works means the process of working collaboratively with a group of people in order to achieve a goal. Teamwork is often a crucial part of a business organisation, as it is often necessary for colleagues to work well together, trying their best in any circumstance. Teamwork means that people will try to cooperate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. Now I am going to discuss the benefits of team working in my organisation. DiversityWhen a team works on problem-solving, organisation benefit from various ideas and perspectives. That variety often leads to creative solutions. Brainstorming sessions uncover ideas and answers that might not have occurred otherwise. Speed Another benefit of teamwork is the speed of project completion for an organisation. Duties can be shared and get done quicker. Very large tasks can be broken up among team memb ers and are less daunting. Quality Teamwork encourages a greater commitment to quality in the organisation. Team members have more sway encouraging each other than a single manager dictating the work.Morale When the employees of an organisation work on teams, they tend to feel like they're really part of the process and take ownership of it. Improved morale results, and that in turn leads to less turnover. Synergy Synergy occurs when forces combine and the result is greater than the sum of the individual parts. Teamwork enhances synergy, and the result is greater efficiency and a more positive end result. 3. 2: A conflict I faced when working in a team for achieving specific goals. I worked as a technician for a large firm.I worked in a team of seven people who prepared material for shipping. On the team were four women and two other men. The people came from three different countries. One of the men on the team feels I worked too slowly and was not doing my share of the work proper ly. He laughs with the other team members about me and talks about me in nasty ways. When I tried to talk about that problem, the rest of the team seemed to be against me. It was a very uncomfortable situation for me to work in; I was constantly made fun of and criticised. I was not understanding what to do.

Principles of Good Writing by L.A. Hill

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD WRITING — L. A. HILL OBJECTIVE: This unit on L. A. HILL’S on ‘Principles of Good Writing’, is actually designed to add to your writing ability. After going through this unit, you will be able to: * Know about informative essay * Development logical and successful writing * Know the importance of newspaper and some good magazines. * Develop a taste for other aspects of linguistics INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSAYIST: Lesile Alexander Hill, a renowned personality among essayist, was born in the year 1918 in Greece and was educated at Cambridge university. He worked for the British council in Greece. Iran, Indonesia and India. Later he worked as adviser for the oxford university press, oxford, England, on the teaching of English as a second language His works include many thought provoking essays, comprehension and epitomisation for overseas students. Recent trends in educational practice, a guide to correct English, and teaching English as a second language are some very important to mention. Hill’s interest in linguistics extends to all human behavior and similarities and variations between different cultures. Hill’s good command over prose language is revealed clearly in this formal-tone essay â€Å"The Principles of Good Writing†. In this essay, Hill has brought to light the rules and regulations to be observed in shaping and sharpening one’s writing skills. He has given valuable tips regarding the secret of successful writing. The clarity of thought and expression, the logical development of the theme, the illustrative examples and the appropriate use of vocabulary, make it a wonderful piece of work. Summary: Hill, in first person narration, gives a piece of valuable advice to all the aspirants who want to be proficient in English-written and oral skills. In the opening passage, he clearly says that good writing demands good and ogical thinking. Good thinking, is not developed instantly, rather it emerges with practical experience and proper training. Initially thinking in the direction of logic and reason seems difficult because one’s mind may not be acquainted with this. But with time it will happen so and it will be reflected in one’s writing. Next to give expression to thought apt voc abulary is required. Depending on the form and tone of your work, vocabulary should be either formal or slang. To improve vocabulary you need to read widely different sorts of writing. A dictionary is of great help in this field. Sincere and diligent practice in writing is first concrete move towards a successful writing. Waiting for an inspiration will prove a hinderance towards your goal, so avoid it. Hill further suggests that one should be alive to all the happenings and pay heed to it. Even an ordinary talk heard in the street can be taken as a subject to start writing. It is required to note every new word or expression that one comes across while reading also. The writer also feels that love of mankind is an essential trait to see other state of minds, feel it intensely, and write it effectively. And, to be a good writer the readers must be kept in mind their interest and taste should be borre in mind always. ‘Impersonality of art’ should be maintained by a poet or writer while expressing emotions or feelings. The subject that is chosen for writing should be personal experience. ‘Words are body, sentences in structure, and the expression, the soul’. So apt words, correct sentence structure, and good theme, will together constitute a good writing. Introduction would be interesting and eye-catching and conclusion should not end abruptly. Finally, a writer is expected to write with zeal and true involvement- only then reader’s imagination can be kindled Critical appreciation Hill’s command over English language needs true appreciation, only those will be able to appreciate who, themselves have appropriate knowledge of this language. His epigrammatic style and lucidity of expression is remarkable; â€Å"Through this essay all that he wanted to do is teach the rules and regulations of good writing, and throughout the essay we find such tips. The formal tone is maintained throughout the essay. All the paragraphs are neatly linked and introduction is apt for the subject choosen. He himself avoided very carefully; the use of slang, jargon, hackneyed expressions, rhetorical, circumlocution, verbiage, and mingling of styles- formal and too much informal or slang. The title of the essay is very appropriate as the aim of the essayist is to teach principles of good writing by the means of various suggestions mentioned in the essay. Do’s and don’ts in the field of learning writing good English, is highly suggestive. The lucidity of thought and expression, neat structure with logical development of idea, apt examples and simple vocabulary of the essay, make it a remarkable piece of work. Summing up Hill is a writer of promising skill. His abilities are fully reflected in this thought provoking essay. ‘Principles of Good Writing’. In this essay he suggests wide reading, using a dictionary, note-making, frequent writing, maintaining humanistic and rational attitude, as essential traits for developing logical reasoning and good writing. He also suggests to avoid artificiality, avoiding second hand experience, avoiding use of jargon, rhetorical, slang along with formal, unnecessary verbose, and too much of personal element in writing. Reader-writer relationship is aptly emphasized. The essay on the whole is of great significance.